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Israelis abroad desperately try to head home to join military units, or just to help_我的网站

一 |     LOS ANGELES -- At the most harrowing of times, some Israeli citizens living overseas aren't running from the war at home, but to it. From Athens to New York, they're rushing to airports and diving into online chat groups for help, desperate to make their way to the country after Hamas militants attacked. Some of these Israelis abroad are yearning to serve, whether that means fighting in a military reserve unit or volunteering to shuttle supplies to those in need, even as the war has already claimed at least 1,800 lives and shows no signs of abating. On Tuesday, Israel's military expanded its mobilization of reservists to 360,000, according to the country’s media, as it ramped up its retaliation for the surprise attacks. Yaakov Swisa, a 42-year-old father of five, said nobody called and asked him to return to Israel to fight, but he feels he has no choice. He served for 15 years, and he said he learned his army roommate was among at least 260 killed at a music festival. Swisa wants to rejoin his reserve unit, even if that means leaving his family and his construction-business job in Los Angeles. “I’ve been crying for two, three days. Enough. That’s it. I am ready to fight," he said. “What else would I do ... while my friends are being buried in Israel?”Some of the Israelis living, working or just traveling abroad who were trying to make it back said their reserve units were among those called up. Others said they hadn't yet been called or couldn't reach their commanders but expected to be asked soon. In other cases, Israelis who are too young to serve in the military, as well as non-Israelis with close ties to the country, have been trying to travel to assist family members or volunteer.Adam Jacobs, an 18-year-old community college student in New Jersey, said he was born and raised in the U.S. and for years traveled every summer to visit family in Israel. He said he learned his cousin was among those killed, and he wants to make his way to Israel to take on volunteer work, possibly shuttling supplies.“I couldn’t live with myself if I stayed here,” Jacobs said. “It’s never been this bad.”Eric Fingerhut, a former U.S. congressman who now leads The Jewish Federations of North America, said he’s not surprised by how many people want to help.“As soon as we can possibly enable that, we certainly will,” he said from Tel Aviv, where he'd arrived just before the weekend attacks. “There are many Israeli reservists who are abroad. And so getting them back home to join the fight, you know, has been a priority. And it should be a priority. So people are just scrambling.”The war began after Hamas militants stormed into Israel Saturday during a major Jewish holiday, killing people and abducting others. In response, Israeli warplanes have hammered the Gaza Strip, destroying buildings and sending Palestinian residents scrambling to find safety in the tiny, sealed-off territory. Travel has been challenging, with major airlines suspending flights in and out of Israel. The U.S. State Department issued travel advisories for the region. Some reservists in the United States, home to more than 140,000 people born in Israel, were trying to get on charter flights.Ofer Cohen, a New York businessman, said he learned there were more than 200 reservists traveling through South America on vacation at the time of the attacks. They've been called back to base but unable to get there, thanks to canceled flights. So Cohen is trying to cobble together hundreds of thousands of dollars to hire a plane to pick them up, as WhatsApp messages describing their troubles keep rolling in. “I just saw one after another,” he said, “and I thought about this idea of getting a charter plane and get them back to Israel.”In Greece, hundreds of people waited hours to board emergency flights at Athens International Airport, many without a ticket and most traveling from other European destinations after cutting holiday and work trips short. As officers patrolled the area to provide security, volunteers handed travelers apples, bananas and bottled water. Nir Ekhouse, a 19-year old from near Nazareth, had been in the Maldives with family. They reached Athens via Istanbul as they tried to make it home. Once there, Ekhouse said, he plans to volunteer for an organization that supports the military.“This is the first time in the history of Israel that something like that has happened. It’s very shocking,” he said, standing in line with his parents and younger siblings.Israel Lawrence, 27, was born in Israel and grew up in London. He said that although he hasn't been formally called up, he's making the trip to join his fellow soldiers, many already on the front lines, and help his family members, who are living in terror and chaos.“I want to be honest with you, I’m scared," said Lawrence, a trained rifleman who was on his way to Israel via Cyprus. "All the guys I’m with are terrified, but we are trained, and we’ll do the best we can.” __Hadjicostis reported from Nicosia, Cyprus. Taxin reported from Santa Ana, California. Also contributing were: AP reporters Bobby Caina Calvan in New York, Lefteris Pitarakis and Derek Gatopoulos in Athens, John Leicester in Paris and Nicole Winfield and Patricia Thomas in Rome.。    自当地时间1月7日起，美国加州山火已肆虐近10天，截至13日已造成25人死亡、29人失踪，超过1.2万栋建筑被毁，超过155.4平方公里的土地被烧毁。当地时间15日，美国国家气象局表示，由于强风、空气湿度低，洛杉矶县约有650万人面临严重火灾威胁，灭火工作面临巨大挑战。目前，洛杉矶山火仍在燃烧。

二 | 天灾面前，竟也有人“趁火打劫”——利用人们寻租住房的急迫，坐地起价大涨租金。据新华社援引美国彭博新闻社报道，洛杉矶地区一些豪宅的租金已涨至每月4万美元（约合人民币29万元）。陈冠希发文：女儿学校在洛杉矶山火中被彻底摧毁据红星新闻报道，1月15日，艺人陈冠希在个人社交平台上发文表示，他女儿的学校也在这场火灾中被彻底摧毁，急需善款重建校园。据悉，陈冠希与模特儿秦舒培生下了女儿Alaia，他在15日的发出的长文中写道：“我请求你们，我所有的支持者前来捐款，帮助Alaia和她的同学们能有崭新的校园和更光明的未来……我个人会非常感恩您们能提供的任何协助，每一美元都很重要。” 1月16日，陈冠希再次发文，并晒出女儿的照片称：“陈氏家族非常感谢所有透过捐款或祈祷帮助Alaia学校的人，我们也会继续替社区提供帮助，并感谢所有协助南加州火灾灾民的人。” “趁火打劫”？洛杉矶地区房租大涨据新华社援引美媒报道援引洛杉矶一家房产租赁公司负责人帕特里克·迈克尔的说法报道，该公司现在每天接听500个电话，是山火发生前的10倍以上。这家公司管理并出租洛杉矶地区一些高档社区的房屋。“房地产市场最近发生的事情令人作呕，有人在敲竹杠！”迈克尔说，一名客户租住贝弗利山庄的房子，租期12个月，月租3.5万美元。然而山火发生后，房东立即将房租涨至4万美元（约合人民币29万元）。

三 | 洛杉矶市长凯伦·巴斯14日说，“任何利用绝望情绪牟利的人都可耻”，已经与洛杉矶县级和市级检察官讨论此事。截至14日，逾1.2万座建筑被毁，大量居民无家可归。疏散出来的人倾向于在自家被毁房屋附近租房，结果推动房租高涨，配备家具的房屋租金尤其高。房地产服务企业科斯塔集团发布的数据显示，本次山火发生前，洛杉矶地区公寓空置率只有5%，月租中位数为2299美元。然而，山火加剧了“一屋难求”的情况，导致租金畸形飙升。“需求特别大。我手上有两套房出租，每套都有20人竞租。”佳士得国际地产负责人阿伦·克尔曼告诉彭博社。在洛杉矶县西部城市圣莫尼卡等地，以每月一两万美元的房租预算已租不到好一点的房子。一些因山火失去房子的人只得抓紧预订想租的房子，而非等待保险赔偿金。正如房产租赁公司负责人迈克尔所说，“谁给钱最多，谁成交最干脆利索，谁就能租到房子”。

四 | 大火未灭小火又起美国史上损失最严重自然灾害据央视新闻报道，当地时间15日，美国国家气象局表示，由于强风、空气湿度低，洛杉矶县约有650万人面临严重火灾威胁，灭火工作面临巨大挑战。加州林业与消防局称，强风将严重影响空中灭火作业，若风速超过每小时48公里，灭火飞机将无法安全飞行。专家表示，控制山火预计需要数周时间。此外，15日，加州圣贝纳迪诺县新燃起了一处“小山”山火，目前过火面积为13.76公顷。新燃起的“小山”山火火势完全未受控，仍在蔓延中。综合洛杉矶消防局和加州消防局消息，截至当地时间15日，洛杉矶县西部“帕利塞德”山火的过火面积约为96平方公里，仅有21%得到控制；在洛杉矶县东部燃烧的“伊顿”山火过火面积已经超过57平方公里，其中有45%得到控制。洛杉矶市市长巴斯15日对市民表示，该市仍未完全脱离危险。火灾情况将于当地时间16日晚有所缓解。据估计，此次山火造成的破坏和经济损失将达到2500亿至2750亿美元，成为美国史上造成损失最为严重的自然灾害。近水也不解近渴此次加州山火救援进展缓慢，要人缺人、要水没水，或许有人会疑惑， 加州拥有绵延的海岸线，一些过火地区距离太平洋海岸线不到10公里，为何不就近取海水救大火？事实上，海水可以用来救火，但也没那么简单。海水含盐对土壤不利。

五 | 当土壤盐分含量增加时，植物通过渗透从土壤中吸收水和养分的难度增大。简而言之，盐分增加，植物不但长得慢也会长得弱，因为盐让土壤变得不健康，土壤输送养分的能力被破坏了。海水会腐蚀各类常用的消防设备，特别是金属设备、消防软管、消防栓、消防泵等。加州消防部门负责人也表示过，应尽量避免使用海水灭火。海水含盐，盐会削弱水的冷却作用。也就是说，海水灭火的效率不高。含盐水的电荷比淡水多，对消防员来说也更危险。大量海水被倾倒在火上，盐分蒸发密度增加，会对灭火后的周边环境带来不可控的影响。简而言之，由于海水具有腐蚀性，不仅破坏消防设施，还会对植被、土壤造成影响，引发环保问题，因此海水不能成为消防用水的首选。但是，由于此次山火规模太大，加州消防部门也只能被迫从海上取水。然而，如此火烧眉毛之际，加州消防部门发现：取海水飞机仅有一架，运送能力有限……加州消防部门声称，他们拥有60架消防飞机，是世界上最大的民用消防机队。然而，能从海上取水的CL-415涡轮螺旋桨飞机却只有两架，其中一架在数天前被一架无人机撞坏。

六 | 加州消防部门承认，由于风力大，导致飞行受限。因此，仅靠一架CL-415飞机，每次运送0.6吨海水，也极大限制了灭火的效果。火灾起因调查过程或复杂漫长据央视新闻报道，多名知情人士披露，美国有关部门正在对加州多场山火的起因展开初步调查，调查重点是山火是否由人为引发。目前，美国酒精、烟草、火器和爆炸物管理局方面正对超过150条相关线索展开调查，尽管有多种传言和猜测，但尚未确认任何火灾的具体起因。调查人员已经排除雷电引发山火的可能性，因为“帕利塞德”和“伊顿”两场山火涉及的区域均没有雷电报告。曾有多名要求匿名的知情人士向美媒爆料，声称“帕利塞德”山火可能是人为纵火。洛杉矶县警长罗伯特·卢纳13日表示，警方在洛杉矶山火期间逮捕34人，逮捕原因包括在山火疏散区劫掠财物、非法操控无人机及违反宵禁等。洛杉矶县地方检察官纳坦·霍赫曼当天说，一名嫌疑人被控在县东部城市阿祖萨纵火，但与当前重大山火无关。值得注意的是，一家电力企业因“伊顿”山火吃上官司。有人起诉南加州爱迪生电力公司，指控该公司的设备故障触发了“伊顿”山火。南加州爱迪生电力公司证实，有关部门正在调查公司设备是否触发“伊顿”山火。灭火专家指出，确定火灾原因可能需要数周甚至数月的时间。

七 | 调查过程复杂而烦琐，需要仔细分析现场证据，包括目击者的证词、911通话记录及卫星影像等。编辑|程鹏 杜恒峰校对|卢祥勇封面图片来源：视觉中国（资料图） 每日经济新闻综合自央视新闻、新华社、红星新闻、21世纪经济报道 每日经济新闻。

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